Newsom Signs California SB 53, Frontier Model Developers Must Publish Safety Frameworks
On September 29, 2025, California Governor Gavin Newsom signed Senate Bill 53, the Transparency in Frontier Artificial Intelligence Act, in Sacramento, the state capital in Sacramento County, California, setting public disclosure and safety reporting requirements for developers of the most powerful foundation models. The bill was authored by Senator Scott Wiener of San Francisco.
The Governor's Office said the new law is designed to install commonsense guardrails on the development of frontier models, helping build public trust while continuing to spur innovation. The law builds on recommendations from California's first-in-the-nation report by the Joint California Policy Working Group on frontier models, convened at the Governor's request and published earlier in the year.
The law has five main elements. On transparency, large frontier developers must publicly publish a framework on their website describing how the company has incorporated national standards, international standards and industry-consensus best practices. On innovation, it establishes a consortium called CalCompute within the Government Operations Agency to develop a framework for a public computing cluster. On safety, it creates a mechanism for frontier companies and the public to report potential critical safety incidents to the California Office of Emergency Services. On accountability, it protects whistleblowers who disclose significant health and safety risks posed by frontier models and creates a civil penalty enforceable by the Attorney General. On responsiveness, it directs the California Department of Technology to annually recommend updates to the law.
Newsom said California has proven it can establish regulations to protect communities while ensuring the growing industry continues to thrive, and that the legislation strikes that balance as the first-in-the-nation frontier safety law. Wiener said that with a technology this transformative, there is a responsibility to support innovation while putting commonsense guardrails in place to understand and reduce risk.
The Governor's Office said California is home to 32 of the world's top 50 companies in the field, that 15.7 percent of U.S. job postings in the field in 2024 were in California, first among states, and that more than half of global venture funding for such startups went to Bay Area companies.
(Source: Office of the Governor of California)
Source: Office of the Governor of California
Published by GSM · USA (original Chinese edition)
Photo: 图：位于 Sacramento 的加州州议会大厦，从 Capitol Mall 公园方向望去。Robert Dimov 摄，CC BY-SA 3.0，经 Wikimedia Commons。 / Photo: The California State Capitol in Sacramento, seen from the Capitol Mall park. Photo by Robert Dimov, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons.
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