On This Day in History: November 9 — Major World Events
The following are major world events that took place on November 9, listed by year. Each entry has been checked against authoritative sources and states facts only, with the country concerned named in each entry.
[Germany/Austria, 1848] Revolutionary Robert Blum was executed in Vienna on November 9 after the failure of the Vienna uprising. Blum, a member of the Frankfurt National Assembly during the revolutions of 1848, had travelled to Vienna to support the uprising there; he was arrested, tried by a military court and executed on this day.
[Germany, 1918] On November 9, during the November Revolution, Chancellor Max von Baden announced the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II and handed the chancellorship to Social Democratic leader Friedrich Ebert. The same day, Social Democrat Philipp Scheidemann proclaimed the German republic from a window of the Reichstag building in Berlin, ending the German monarchy.
[Germany, 1923] On November 8–9, Adolf Hitler and Erich Ludendorff launched a putsch in Munich — the Beer Hall Putsch — in an attempt to overthrow the Bavarian government and march on Berlin. The putsch collapsed after gunfire on November 9, and Hitler was arrested and put on trial.
[Germany, 1938] On November 9–10, Nazi Germany carried out a nationwide pogrom against Jews known as Kristallnacht (the Night of Broken Glass), or Reichspogromnacht. Synagogues and Jewish property across Germany, Austria and the Sudetenland were burned and destroyed on a large scale; more than four hundred Jews were killed or driven to suicide, and some 30,000 Jewish men were arrested and sent to concentration camps.
[United States/Canada, 1965] On November 9, a widespread electricity blackout affected parts of the northeastern United States and Ontario, Canada. The 1965 blackout later became a central case in discussions of power-grid reliability.
[France, 1970] Former French president Charles de Gaulle died on November 9 at his home in Colombey-les-Deux-Églises. De Gaulle had led the Free French movement during the Second World War and served as president of the French Fifth Republic from 1959 to 1969.
[Germany, 1989] On the evening of November 9, East German official Günter Schabowski announced new travel regulations at a press conference and, asked when they would take effect, replied: "As far as I know... effective immediately, without delay." That night, crowds of East Berliners gathered at Berlin Wall crossing points, and border guards let people pass, opening the Wall after 28 years. The events set in motion the process that led to formal German reunification on October 3, 1990.
(Source: Wikipedia entries on November 9 in German history and the Fall of the Berlin Wall; NewsNation's November 9 history roundup, drawing on the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, the City of Berlin and the German Federal Archives)
—-
Source: Authoritative historical sources (see text
Published by GSM · USA (original Chinese edition)
Photo: 历史档案照片（资料图）。（Wikimedia Commons／公共领域）|Historical archive photographs (file photo). (Wikimedia Commons / public domain)
