House Passes the One Big Beautiful Bill Act by One Vote, 215 to 214, Sending It to the Senate
At the U.S. Capitol in Washington, D.C., the House of Representatives passed the Republican budget reconciliation bill, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (H.R. 1), early on May 22, 2025, by a single vote, 215 to 214, sending it to the Senate. The bill was the centerpiece of President Trump's second-term legislative agenda.
The roll-call record of the Office of the Clerk (Roll Call 145) shows the vote was completed at 6:54 a.m. on May 22: 215 yeas, 214 nays, one member voting present and two not voting. Among Republicans, 215 voted yea and two voted nay; all 212 Democrats voted nay. The two Republican opponents were Thomas Massie of Kentucky and Warren Davidson of Ohio, while Andy Harris of Maryland, who chairs the House Freedom Caucus, voted present.
The sweeping bill spans taxation, energy, border security and federal spending, centered on extending the tax cuts of the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act and adding new relief for individuals and small businesses. Overnight before the vote, the Rules Committee adopted a manager's amendment making final changes, including raising the cap on the state and local tax (SALT) deduction to $40,000, a change widely seen as key to locking in support from wavering Republicans.
The Congressional Budget Office had estimated that the tax provisions of the pre-amendment version would increase the federal deficit by about $3.775 trillion over the 2025-2034 decade; supporters emphasized tax relief and growth, while opponents criticized cuts to programs such as Medicaid and the added deficits. Speaker Mike Johnson pushed his conference through overnight work to clear the House before the Memorial Day recess.
After passage the bill moved to the Senate, where Republicans said they would draft their own version, with Majority Leader John Thune setting a goal of Senate passage before the July 4 recess. (Source: Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)
Source: Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives
Published by GSM · USA (original Chinese edition)
Photo: 图：位于华盛顿的美国国会大厦（资料图）。AramilFeraxa 摄，CC BY，经 Wikimedia Commons。 / Photo: The United States Capitol in Washington (file photo). Photo by AramilFeraxa, CC BY, via Wikimedia Commons.
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